A lottery is an arrangement by which a prize (typically money) is awarded by chance. The prize may be a fixed amount of cash or goods, or it may be a percentage of the total ticket sales. In either case, the distribution of prizes is determined by chance, so that a significant proportion of tickets will be winners.
The drawing of lots to make decisions or determine fates has a long history. The earliest known public lottery was organized by Augustus Caesar for municipal repairs in Rome. Lottery in the sense of offering tickets for a chance to win prizes in the form of money was first recorded in the Low Countries in the 15th century; records from Ghent, Utrecht and Bruges indicate that this type of lottery may have been even older.
In modern times, state-sponsored lotteries have become popular and are a widespread method for raising funds for such purposes as education and veterans’ health care. Many critics, however, argue that state-sponsored lotteries promote addictive gambling behavior and are a major regressive tax on the poor.
People in the bottom quintile of the income distribution, who are more likely to play the Lottery, are a bit like the twin sisters who lived with heart failure—they have a few dollars to spend on discretionary purchases but not a whole lot to spare. As a result, they tend to spend a larger share of their income on lottery tickets than people in the other quintiles.